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Plasticity of functional connectivity in the adult spinal cord Cai LL; Courtine G; Fong AJ; Burdick JW; Roy RR; Edgerton VRPhilos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2006[Sep]; 361 (1473): 1635-46This paper emphasizes several characteristics of the neural control of locomotion that provide opportunities for developing strategies to maximize the recovery of postural and locomotor functions after a spinal cord injury (SCI). The major points of this paper are: (i) the circuitry that controls standing and stepping is extremely malleable and reflects a continuously varying combination of neurons that are activated when executing stereotypical movements; (ii) the connectivity between neurons is more accurately perceived as a functional rather than as an anatomical phenomenon; (iii) the functional connectivity that controls standing and stepping reflects the physiological state of a given assembly of synapses, where the probability of these synaptic events is not deterministic; (iv) rather, this probability can be modulated by other factors such as pharmacological agents, epidural stimulation and/or motor training; (v) the variability observed in the kinematics of consecutive steps reflects a fundamental feature of the neural control system and (vi) machine-learning theories elucidate the need to accommodate variability in developing strategies designed to enhance motor performance by motor training using robotic devices after an SCI.|Aging/*physiology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Neural Pathways/*physiology[MESH]|Neuronal Plasticity/*physiology[MESH]|Neurons/physiology[MESH]|Spinal Cord/cytology/*physiology[MESH] |
