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lüll The use of clostridial spores for cancer treatment Barbe S; Van Mellaert L; Anne JJ Appl Microbiol 2006[Sep]; 101 (3): 571-8Hypoxic/necrotic regions, absent in normal tissues, can be exploited to target tumours in cancer therapy using nonpathogenic strains of the bacterial genus Clostridium. Following administration of Clostridium spores to tumour-bearing organisms, these spores can only germinate within the hypoxic/necrotic regions of solid tumours, proving their exquisite selectivity. Low oxygen tension is a common feature of solid tumours, which may arise from the unique physiological environment, generated to a large extent by the abnormal tumour vasculature, and provides as such a niche for anaerobic bacteria. Some clostridia tested clearly showed innate oncolytic activity, but they could not completely eradicate the tumour. Recombinant clostridia producing prodrug-converting enzymes or cytokines resulted in the production of such proteins solely within the tumour, and where applicable, could convert the prodrug in a toxic compound. Moreover, in some cases, tumour eradication or tumour control could be observed. This review brings an overview of the relative successes and failures of the Clostridium-directed tumour therapy with both wild-type strains and strains producing proteins useful in antitumour therapy.|Clostridium/*physiology[MESH]|Genetic Therapy/methods[MESH]|Genetic Vectors/therapeutic use[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hypoxia/metabolism[MESH]|Necrosis[MESH]|Neoplasms/microbiology/pathology/*therapy[MESH]|Oxygen/physiology[MESH]|Prodrugs/metabolism[MESH]|Recombination, Genetic[MESH]|Spores, Bacterial/physiology[MESH] |