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lüll Severe hyponatraemia in medical in-patients: aetiology, assessment and outcome Clayton JA; Le Jeune IR; Hall IPQJM 2006[Aug]; 99 (8): 505-11BACKGROUND: Hyponatraemia is the most commonly identified electrolyte abnormality. Published data on severe hyponatraemia in general medical in-patients is lacking. AIM: To determine the aetiology, adequacy of assessment, and outcome of severe hyponatraemia in general medical in-patients. DESIGN: Retrospective case-note review. METHODS: All general medical in-patients (n = 108) with serum sodium < or =125 mmol/l were identified from the clinical chemistry database, over a six-month period. A full review of notes and computer records was undertaken at the index date and a pre-determined follow-up date. RESULTS: Follow-up data were available in 105 patients. There was a wide range of aetiologies: diuretic therapy (loop and thiazide), congestive cardiac failure and liver disease were the most common, and 75.3% of patients had multiple causes. None of the 48% of patients whose history suggested a possible diagnosis of the syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone (SIADH) met the generally accepted diagnostic criteria. Overall mortality was 20% during the index admission and 44.6% at follow-up, vs. 7.1% and 22%, respectively, for other patients admitted to the same directorate over the same time period (p < 0.001). Mortality was linked to aetiology, but not to reduced absolute serum sodium concentration at admission. DISCUSSION: Severe hyponatraemia in general medical patients is associated with a complex, multifactoral aetiology and a very poor prognosis. Outlook is governed principally by aetiology, and not by serum sodium level. Assessment of patients with hyponatraemia requires a practical clinical algorithm for diagnosing SIADH.|*Hospitalization[MESH]|Adult[MESH]|Aged[MESH]|Aged, 80 and over[MESH]|Epidemiologic Methods[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Hyponatremia/diagnosis/*etiology[MESH]|Inappropriate ADH Syndrome/diagnosis[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Middle Aged[MESH]|Outcome Assessment, Health Care[MESH]|Prognosis[MESH] |