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lüll Palindrome-mediated chromosomal translocations in humans Kurahashi H; Inagaki H; Ohye T; Kogo H; Kato T; Emanuel BSDNA Repair (Amst) 2006[Sep]; 5 (9-10): 1136-45Recently, it has emerged that palindrome-mediated genomic instability contributes to a diverse group of genomic rearrangements including translocations, deletions, and amplifications. One of the best studied examples is the recurrent t(11;22) constitutional translocation in humans that has been well documented to be mediated by palindromic AT-rich repeats (PATRRs) on chromosomes 11q23 and 22q11. De novo examples of the translocation are detected at a high frequency in sperm samples from normal healthy males, but not in lymphoblasts or fibroblasts. Cloned breakpoint sequences preferentially form a cruciform configuration in vitro. Analysis of the junction fragments implicates frequent double-strand-breaks (DSBs) at the center of both palindromic regions, followed by repair through the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway. We propose that the PATRR adopts a cruciform structure in male meiotic cells, creating genomic instability that leads to the recurrent translocation.|*Chromosome Breakage[MESH]|*Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11[MESH]|*Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22[MESH]|*Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid[MESH]|*Translocation, Genetic[MESH]|AT Rich Sequence[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Models, Genetic[MESH]|Spermatozoa/metabolism[MESH] |