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lüll Natural killer T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses and their clinical applications Seino K; Motohashi S; Fujisawa T; Nakayama T; Taniguchi MCancer Sci 2006[Sep]; 97 (9): 807-12A unique lymphocyte population, CD1d-restricted NKT cells, has been revealed to be a key player in both the innate and acquired immune responses, including antitumor effects. Recent studies revealed that at least two subsets of CD1d-restricted NKT cells exist: type I, having invariant Valpha14 receptor; and type II, having heterogeneous non-Valpha14 receptor. The specific glycolipid ligand, alpha-GalCer, effectively stimulates mouse and human type I NKT cells. The activation of type I NKT cells substantially influences function of other various cell types, particularly DC, NK cells, CD4 Th1 cells, and CD8 cytotoxic T cells, all contributing to the antitumor immune responses. Recent studies also indicated that, unlike type I NKT cells, type II NKT cells have a potential to repress antitumor immune responses. In this review, we summarize the characteristics of the antitumor immune responses mediated by both mouse and human CD1d-restricted NKT cells and discuss their potential in clinical applications against cancer.|Animals[MESH]|Antigens, CD1/immunology/metabolism[MESH]|Antigens, CD1d[MESH]|Cell Communication/immunology[MESH]|Clinical Trials as Topic[MESH]|Dendritic Cells/immunology[MESH]|Galactosylceramides/immunology/therapeutic use[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunotherapy/methods[MESH]|Killer Cells, Natural/*immunology[MESH]|Lymphocyte Activation/immunology[MESH]|Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Neoplasms/drug therapy/*immunology[MESH] |