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lüll Late sodium current in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease: consequences of sodium-calcium overload Noble D; Noble PJHeart 2006[Jul]; 92 Suppl 4 (Suppl 4): iv1-iv5Late sodium current in cardiac cells is very small compared with the fast component, but as it flows throughout the action potential it may make a substantial contribution to sodium loading during each cardiac cycle. Late sodium current may contribute to triggering arrhythmia in two ways: by causing repolarisation failure (early after depolarisations); and by triggering late after depolarisations attributable to calcium oscillations in sodium-calcium overload conditions. Reduction of late sodium current would therefore be expected to have therapeutic benefits, particularly in disease states such as ischaemia in which sodium-calcium overload is a major feature.|Arrhythmias, Cardiac/drug therapy/metabolism/*physiopathology[MESH]|Calcium Channels/physiology[MESH]|Calcium/*metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Myocardial Contraction/physiology[MESH]|Myocardium/metabolism[MESH]|Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism[MESH]|Sodium Channels/physiology[MESH]|Sodium-Calcium Exchanger/physiology[MESH]|Sodium/*metabolism[MESH]|Tetrodotoxin/physiology[MESH] |