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lüll HIV-1 associated dementia: symptoms and causes Ghafouri M; Amini S; Khalili K; Sawaya BERetrovirology 2006[May]; 3 (ä): 28Despite the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), neuronal cell death remains a problem that is frequently found in the brains of HIV-1-infected patients. HAART has successfully prevented many of the former end-stage complications of AIDS, however, with increased survival times, the prevalence of minor HIV-1 associated cognitive impairment appears to be rising among AIDS patients. Further, HIV-1 associated dementia (HAD) is still prevalent in treated patients as well as attenuated forms of HAD and CNS opportunistic disorders. HIV-associated cognitive impairment correlates with the increased presence in the CNS of activated, though not necessarily HIV-1-infected, microglia and CNS macrophages. This suggests that indirect mechanisms of neuronal injury and loss/death occur in HIV/AIDS as a basis for dementia since neurons are not themselves productively infected by HIV-1. In this review, we discussed the symptoms and causes leading to HAD. Outcome from this review will provide new information regarding mechanisms of neuronal loss in AIDS patients.|AIDS Dementia Complex/*diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology/*physiopathology[MESH]|AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology/pathology[MESH]|Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy[MESH]|Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active[MESH]|Brain/pathology/virology[MESH]|HIV Infections/drug therapy[MESH]|HIV-1/isolation & purification[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Neurons/pathology/virology[MESH]|Prevalence[MESH] |