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Silencing T cells or T-cell silencing: concepts in virus-induced immunosuppression Schneider-Schaulies S; Dittmer UJ Gen Virol 2006[Jun]; 87 (Pt 6): 1423-1438The ability to evade or suppress the host's immune response is a property of many viruses, indicating that this provides an advantage for the pathogen to spread efficiently or even to establish a persistent infection. The type and complexity of its genome and cell tropism but also its preferred type of host interaction are important parameters which define the strategy of a given virus to modulate the immune system in an optimal manner. Because they take a central position in any antiviral defence, the activation and function of T cells are the predominant target of many viral immunosuppressive regimens. In this review, two different strategies whereby this could be achieved are summarized. Retroviruses can infect professional antigen-presenting cells and impair their maturation and functional properties. This coincides with differentiation and expansion of silencing T cells referred to as regulatory T cells with suppressive activity, mainly to CD8+ effector T cells. The second concept, outlined for measles virus, is a direct, contact-mediated silencing of T cells which acquire a transient paralytic state.|*Immunosuppression Therapy[MESH]|Cell Differentiation[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Lymphocyte Activation/immunology[MESH]|Measles virus/*immunology/pathogenicity[MESH]|Retroviridae/*immunology/pathogenicity[MESH]|T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology/virology[MESH] |
