Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing |
lüll Mechanisms of cytochrome c release from mitochondria Garrido C; Galluzzi L; Brunet M; Puig PE; Didelot C; Kroemer GCell Death Differ 2006[Sep]; 13 (9): 1423-33In healthy cells, cytochrome c (Cyt c) is located in the mitochondrial intermembrane/intercristae spaces, where it functions as an electron shuttle in the respiratory chain and interacts with cardiolipin (CL). Several proapoptotic stimuli induce the permeabilization of the outer membrane, facilitate the communication between intermembrane and intercristae spaces and promote the mobilization of Cyt c from CL, allowing for Cyt c release. In the cytosol, Cyt c mediates the allosteric activation of apoptosis-protease activating factor 1, which is required for the proteolytic maturation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. Activated caspases ultimately lead to apoptotic cell dismantling. Nevertheless, cytosolic Cyt c has been associated also to vital cell functions (i.e. differentiation), suggesting that its release not always occurs in an all-or-nothing fashion and that mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization may not invariably lead to cell death. This review deals with the events involved in Cyt c release from mitochondria, with special attention to its regulation and final consequences.|Allosteric Regulation[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Apoptosis[MESH]|Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor 1/metabolism[MESH]|Calcium/metabolism[MESH]|Caspase 3/metabolism[MESH]|Caspase 9/metabolism[MESH]|Cell Membrane Permeability[MESH]|Cytochromes c/*metabolism[MESH]|Enzyme Activation[MESH]|HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Mitochondria/enzymology/*metabolism[MESH]|Mitochondrial Membranes/metabolism[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism[MESH]|Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism[MESH] |