Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
Warning: file_get_contents(http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=16641835&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 445
 
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve
Pubget Overpricing |  
lüll
The neurophysiology of childhood and adolescent bipolar disorder DelBello MP; Adler CM; Strakowski SMCNS Spectr 2006[Apr]; 11 (4): 298-311INTRODUCTION: Children and adolescents with bipolar disorder often present with higher rates of mixed episodes, rapid cycling, and co-occurring attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder than adults with bipolar disorder. It is unclear whether the differences in clinical presentation between youth and adults with bipolar disorder are due to differences in underlying etiologies or developmental differences in symptom manifestation. Neuroimaging studies of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder may clarify whether neurobiological abnormalities associated with early- and adult-onset bipolar disorder are distinct. Moreover, children and adolescents with bipolar disorder are typically closer to their illness onset than bipolar adults, providing a window of opportunity for identifying core neurobiological characteristics of the illness (ie, disease biomarkers) that are independent of repeated affective episodes and other confounding factors associated with illness course. METHODS: Peer-reviewed publications of neuroimaging studies of bipolar children and adolescents were reviewed. RESULTS: Structural, neurochemical, and neurofunctional abnormalities in prefrontal and medical temporal and subcortical limbic structures, including the striatum, amygdala, and possibly hippocampus, are present in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. CONCLUSION: Differences between neurobiological abnormalities in bipolar youth and adults as well as recommendations for future research directions are discussed.|*Image Processing, Computer-Assisted[MESH]|*Magnetic Resonance Imaging[MESH]|*Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy[MESH]|Adolescent[MESH]|Adult[MESH]|Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/diagnosis/*physiopathology[MESH]|Bipolar Disorder/diagnosis/*physiopathology[MESH]|Brain Mapping[MESH]|Child[MESH]|Frontal Lobe/pathology/*physiopathology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Limbic System/pathology/*physiopathology[MESH]|Nerve Net/pathology/*physiopathology[MESH]|Temporal Lobe/pathology/*physiopathology[MESH] |
