Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing |
lüll Phenotypic commonalities in familial and sporadic Parkinson disease Baba Y; Markopoulou K; Putzke JD; Whaley NR; Farrer MJ; Wszolek ZK; Uitti RJArch Neurol 2006[Apr]; 63 (4): 579-83BACKGROUND: Parkinson disease (PD) is a clinically well-documented neurodegenerative disorder. However, the mechanism or mechanisms of its phenotypic expressions are still unknown. OBJECTIVE: To compare phenotypes by examining demographic and clinical features of patients with familial PD and sporadic PD and with or without a family history of PD. DESIGN: Historical review of patients with sporadic PD in clinic-based samples and individual patients diagnosed with PD from families whose linkage to mutations or loci has been identified. SETTING: Movement disorder clinic in a referral center. PATIENTS: A total of 1277 patients with sporadic PD and 40 patients with familial PD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical features, including distribution by sex, initial motor symptom, location of initial motor symptom, and frequency of asymmetric motor symptoms. RESULTS: Despite different etiologic backgrounds, both familial and sporadic PD exhibited several interesting commonalities, including a higher incidence in men, tremor as the initial motor symptom (predominantly involving the upper extremities), and asymmetric parkinsonism during disease course. CONCLUSIONS: The increased incidence of parkinsonism in men with familial PD suggests that the sex disparity is more likely the result of a protective effect against development of PD in women than of an increased risk in men that is associated with environmental factors. Phenotypic similarity among familial and sporadic PD indicates that a similar topographic distribution of the nigrostriatal lesion exists in patients with either form of PD regardless of apparent genetic influence.|Age Distribution[MESH]|Age of Onset[MESH]|Aged[MESH]|Aged, 80 and over[MESH]|DNA Mutational Analysis[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Functional Laterality/physiology[MESH]|Genetic Predisposition to Disease/*genetics[MESH]|Genetic Testing[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Middle Aged[MESH]|Parkinson Disease/*epidemiology/genetics/*physiopathology[MESH]|Parkinsonian Disorders/*epidemiology/genetics/*physiopathology[MESH]|Phenotype[MESH]|Prevalence[MESH]|Sex Distribution[MESH]|Tremor/epidemiology/physiopathology[MESH] |