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Cachexia: pathophysiology and clinical relevance Morley JE; Thomas DR; Wilson MMAm J Clin Nutr 2006[Apr]; 83 (4): 735-43Cachexia causes weight loss and increased mortality. It affects more than 5 million persons in the United States. Other causes of weight loss include anorexia, sarcopenia, and dehydration. The pathophysiology of cachexia is reviewed in this article. The major cause appears to be cytokine excess. Other potential mediators include testosterone and insulin-like growth factor I deficiency, excess myostatin, and excess glucocorticoids. Numerous diseases can result in cachexia, each by a slightly different mechanism. Both nutritional support and orexigenic agents play a role in the management of cachexia.|*Cachexia/etiology/pathology/physiopathology/prevention & control[MESH]|Aging/*physiology[MESH]|Anorexia/etiology/physiopathology[MESH]|Arthritis, Rheumatoid/complications[MESH]|Chronic Disease[MESH]|Cytokines/blood/*physiology[MESH]|Glucocorticoids/blood/physiology[MESH]|HIV Wasting Syndrome/etiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/physiology[MESH]|Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications[MESH]|Myostatin[MESH]|Neoplasms/complications[MESH]|Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications[MESH]|Testosterone/blood/physiology[MESH]|Transforming Growth Factor beta/blood/physiology[MESH]|Weight Loss[MESH] |
