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FXYD proteins: new regulators of Na-K-ATPase Geering KAm J Physiol Renal Physiol 2006[Feb]; 290 (2): F241-50FXYD proteins belong to a family of small-membrane proteins. Recent experimental evidence suggests that at least five of the seven members of this family, FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma-subunit of Na-K-ATPase), FXYD3 (Mat-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD7, are auxiliary subunits of Na-K-ATPase and regulate Na-K-ATPase activity in a tissue- and isoform-specific way. These results highlight the complexity of the regulation of Na+ and K+ handling by Na-K-ATPase, which is necessary to ensure appropriate tissue functions such as renal Na+ reabsorption, muscle contractility, and neuronal excitability. Moreover, a mutation in FXYD2 has been linked to cases of human hypomagnesemia, indicating that perturbations in the regulation of Na-K-ATPase by FXYD proteins may be critically involved in pathophysiological states. A better understanding of this novel regulatory mechanism of Na-K-ATPase should help in learning more about its role in pathophysiological states. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the role of FXYD proteins in the modulation of Na-K-ATPase as well as of other proteins, their regulation, and their structure-function relationship.|Amino Acid Sequence[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/*physiology[MESH]|Molecular Sequence Data[MESH]|Nephrons/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Subunits[MESH]|Sequence Homology, Amino Acid[MESH]|Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*chemistry/*physiology[MESH]|Structure-Activity Relationship[MESH] |
