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lüll Roles for NF-kappaB in nerve cell survival, plasticity, and disease Mattson MP; Meffert MKCell Death Differ 2006[May]; 13 (5): 852-60Here we review evidence of roles for NF-kappaB in the regulation of developmental and synaptic plasticity, and cell survival in physiological and pathological settings. Signaling pathways modulating NF-kappaB activity include those engaged by neurotrophic factors, neurotransmitters, electrical activity, cytokines, and oxidative stress. Emerging findings support a pivotal role for NF-kappaB as a mediator of transcription-dependent enduring changes in the structure and function of neuronal circuits. Distinct subunits of NF-kappaB may uniquely affect cognition and behavior by regulating specific target genes. NF-kappaB activation can prevent the death of neurons by inducing the production of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, IAPs and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). Recent findings indicate that NF-kappaB plays important roles in disorders such as epilepsy, stroke, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, as well as oncogenesis. Molecular pathways upstream and downstream of NF-kappaB in neurons are being elucidated and may provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention in various neurological disorders.|*Cell Survival[MESH]|*Neuronal Plasticity[MESH]|Disease Progression[MESH]|Growth Substances/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|NF-kappa B/*metabolism[MESH]|Neurodegenerative Diseases/metabolism[MESH]|Neurons/*metabolism/*pathology[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH] |