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Serum anti-Mullerian hormone as a surrogate for antral follicle count for definition of the polycystic ovary syndrome Pigny P; Jonard S; Robert Y; Dewailly DJ Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006[Mar]; 91 (3): 941-5CONTEXT: Despite its frequency, the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is still a difficult diagnosis in endocrinology, gynecology, and reproductive medicine. To help solve this issue, the Rotterdam consensus conference proposed to include the ultrasonographic follicle count as a new diagnostic criterion, in addition to hyperandrogenism and oligo-anovulation. Unfortunately, its assessment does not offer sufficient reliability worldwide. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to check whether anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) measurement in the serum could be a surrogate for antral follicle count in the diagnostic criteria of PCOS. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Serum AMH was measured with a second-generation immunoassay in a cohort of 73 PCOS patients and 96 controls, and its diagnostic power was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam definition. RESULTS: Serum AMH levels were 3-fold higher in PCOS patients than in controls (81.6 vs. 33.5 pmol/liter; P < 0.001) and were significantly related to the follicle number in the two groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the AMH assay was 0.851, indicating a good diagnostic potency. Setting the threshold at 60 pmol/liter offered the best compromise between specificity (92%) and sensitivity (67%). CONCLUSIONS: The serum AMH level is an accurate marker of the ovarian early antral follicle number and offers a good diagnostic potency. In situations where accurate ultrasonographic data are not available, AMH could thus be used instead of the follicle count as a diagnostic criterion and incorporated as such in the Rotterdam definition of PCOS.|Adolescent[MESH]|Adult[MESH]|Androgens/blood[MESH]|Anti-Mullerian Hormone[MESH]|Biomarkers/blood[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood[MESH]|Glycoproteins/*blood[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Luteinizing Hormone/blood[MESH]|Ovarian Follicle/*pathology[MESH]|Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/*blood/*diagnosis[MESH]|ROC Curve[MESH]|Reference Values[MESH]|Regression Analysis[MESH]|Sensitivity and Specificity[MESH]|Testicular Hormones/*blood[MESH] |