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lüll Molecular aspects of arterial smooth muscle contraction: focus on Rho Hilgers RH; Webb RCExp Biol Med (Maywood) 2005[Dec]; 230 (11): 829-35The vascular smooth muscle cell is a highly specialized cell whose primary function is contraction and relaxation. It expresses a variety of contractile proteins, ion channels, and signalling molecules that regulate contraction. Upon contraction, vascular smooth muscle cells shorten, thereby decreasing the diameter of a blood vessel to regulate the blood flow and pressure. Contractile activity in vascular smooth muscle cells is initiated by a Ca(2+)-calmodulin interaction to stimulate phosphorylation of the light chain of myosin. Ca(2+)-sensitization of the contractile proteins is signaled by the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway to inhibit the dephosphorylation of the light chain by myosin phosphatase, thereby maintaining force. Removal of Ca(2+) from the cytosol and stimulation of myoson phosphatase initiate the relaxation of vascular smooth muscle.|Animals[MESH]|Arteries/physiology[MESH]|Blood Flow Velocity/physiology[MESH]|Blood Pressure/physiology[MESH]|Calcium Signaling/*physiology[MESH]|Calmodulin/metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Muscle Relaxation/*physiology[MESH]|Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*physiology[MESH]|Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/*physiology[MESH]|Myosin Light Chains/metabolism[MESH]|Myosin-Light-Chain Phosphatase/metabolism[MESH]|Phosphorylation[MESH]|rhoA GTP-Binding Protein/*metabolism[MESH] |