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lüll Glucose-sensing mechanisms in pancreatic beta-cells MacDonald PE; Joseph JW; Rorsman PPhilos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2005[Dec]; 360 (1464): 2211-25The appropriate secretion of insulin from pancreatic beta-cells is critically important to the maintenance of energy homeostasis. The beta-cells must sense and respond suitably to postprandial increases of blood glucose, and perturbation of glucose-sensing in these cells can lead to hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemias and ultimately diabetes. Here, we review beta-cell glucose-sensing with a particular focus on the regulation of cellular excitability and exocytosis. We examine in turn: (i) the generation of metabolic signalling molecules; (ii) the regulation of beta-cell membrane potential; and (iii) insulin granule dynamics and exocytosis. We further discuss the role of well known and putative candidate metabolic signals as regulators of insulin secretion.|*Models, Biological[MESH]|Acyl Coenzyme A/metabolism[MESH]|Adenosine Triphosphate/biosynthesis[MESH]|Calcium Channels/metabolism[MESH]|Exocytosis/*physiology[MESH]|Glucose/*metabolism[MESH]|Glycolysis/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|Insulin/*metabolism[MESH]|Membrane Potentials/physiology[MESH]|Mitochondria/metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|NADP/metabolism[MESH]|Potassium Channels/metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction/*physiology[MESH] |