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lüll Pathophysiological significance of T-type Ca2+ channels: T-type Ca2+ channels and drug development Tanaka H; Shigenobu KJ Pharmacol Sci 2005[Nov]; 99 (3): 214-20T-type Ca(2+) channels are present in cardiovascular, neuronal, and endocrine systems; and they are now receiving attention as novel therapeutic targets. Many drugs and compounds non-specificaly block T-type Ca(2+) channels. Certain dihydropyridine compounds, such as efonidipine, have blocking activity on both L-type and T-type Ca(2+) channels which possibly underlies their excellent clinical profiles such as minimum reflex tachycardia and renal protection. Selective inhibitors of T-type Ca(2+) channels, such as non-hydrolyzable mibefradil and R(-)-efonidipine, are powerful pharmacological tools for further studies and may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies.|*Drug Design[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Calcium Channel Blockers/*pharmacology[MESH]|Calcium Channels, L-Type/drug effects[MESH]|Calcium Channels, T-Type/*drug effects[MESH]|Dihydropyridines/pharmacology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Mibefradil/pharmacology[MESH]|Nitrophenols/pharmacology[MESH]|Organophosphorus Compounds/pharmacology[MESH] |