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CD8 T cells require gamma interferon to clear borna disease virus from the brain and prevent immune system-mediated neuronal damage Hausmann J; Pagenstecher A; Baur K; Richter K; Rziha HJ; Staeheli PJ Virol 2005[Nov]; 79 (21): 13509-18Borna disease virus (BDV) frequently causes meningoencephalitis and fatal neurological disease in young but not old mice of strain MRL. Disease does not result from the virus-induced destruction of infected neurons. Rather, it is mediated by H-2(k)-restricted antiviral CD8 T cells that recognize a peptide derived from the BDV nucleoprotein N. Persistent BDV infection in mice is not spontaneously cleared. We report here that N-specific vaccination can protect wild-type MRL mice but not mutant MRL mice lacking gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) from persistent infection with BDV. Furthermore, we observed a significant degree of resistance of old MRL mice to persistent BDV infection that depended on the presence of CD8 T cells. We found that virus initially infected hippocampal neurons around 2 weeks after intracerebral infection but was eventually cleared in most wild-type MRL mice. Unexpectedly, young as well as old IFN-gamma-deficient MRL mice were completely susceptible to infection with BDV. Moreover, neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were severely damaged in most diseased IFN-gamma-deficient mice but not in wild-type mice. Furthermore, large numbers of eosinophils were present in the inflamed brains of IFN-gamma-deficient mice but not in those of wild-type mice, presumably because of increased intracerebral synthesis of interleukin-13 and the chemokines CCL1 and CCL11, which can attract eosinophils. These results demonstrate that IFN-gamma plays a central role in host resistance against infection of the central nervous system with BDV and in clearance of BDV from neurons. They further indicate that IFN-gamma may function as a neuroprotective factor that can limit the loss of neurons in the course of antiviral immune responses in the brain.|*Vaccination[MESH]|Age Factors[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Borna Disease/*immunology/*prevention & control/virology[MESH]|Borna disease virus/*immunology/*isolation & purification[MESH]|Brain/immunology/pathology/virology[MESH]|CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology[MESH]|Chemokines/immunology[MESH]|Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic[MESH]|Eosinophils/pathology[MESH]|Genetic Vectors[MESH]|Injections, Intramuscular[MESH]|Interferon-gamma/deficiency/*immunology[MESH]|Interleukin-13/immunology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Mice, Knockout[MESH]|Nervous System Diseases/*immunology/*prevention & control/virology[MESH]|Nucleocapsid Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics[MESH]|Parapoxvirus/genetics[MESH]|Spleen/immunology[MESH]|Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage[MESH]|Vaccinia virus/genetics[MESH]|Viral Vaccines/*administration & dosage[MESH] |
