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A comprehensive review of interventions in the NOD mouse and implications for translation Shoda LK; Young DL; Ramanujan S; Whiting CC; Atkinson MA; Bluestone JA; Eisenbarth GS; Mathis D; Rossini AA; Campbell SE; Kahn R; Kreuwel HTImmunity 2005[Aug]; 23 (2): 115-26Type 1 diabetes (T1D) animal models such as the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse have improved our understanding of disease pathophysiology, but many candidate therapeutics identified therein have failed to prevent/cure human disease. We have performed a comprehensive evaluation of disease-modifying agents tested in the NOD mouse based on treatment timing, duration, study length, and efficacy. Interestingly, some popular tenets regarding NOD interventions were not confirmed: all treatments do not prevent disease, treatment dose and timing strongly influence efficacy, and several therapies have successfully treated overtly diabetic mice. The analysis provides a unique perspective on NOD interventions and suggests that the response of this model to therapeutic interventions can be a useful predictor of the human response as long as careful consideration is given to treatment dose, timing, and protocols; more thorough investigation of these parameters should improve clinical translation.|*Disease Models, Animal[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy/immunology/physiopathology/*therapy[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Mice, Inbred NOD[MESH] |
