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lüll Paired immunoglobulin-like receptors and their MHC class I recognition Takai TImmunology 2005[Aug]; 115 (4): 433-40The immunoglobulin-like receptors provide positive and negative regulation of immune cells upon recognition of various ligands, thus enabling those cells to respond properly to extrinsic stimuli. Murine paired immunoglobulin-like receptor (PIR)-A and PIR-B, a typical receptor pair of the immunoglobulin-like receptor family, are expressed on a wide range of cells in the immune system, such as B cells, mast cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, mostly in a pair-wise fashion. The PIR-A requires the homodimeric Fc receptor common gamma chain for its efficient cell-surface expression and for the delivery of an activation signal. In contrast, PIR-B inhibits receptor-mediated activation signals in vitro upon engagement with other activating-type receptors, such as the antigen receptor on B cells and the high-affinity Fc receptor for immunoglobulin E on mast cells. Recent identification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules as the physiological ligands for PIR has enabled us to attribute various immunological phenotypes observed in PIR-B-deficient mice to the consequences of the absence of a balanced interaction between PIR and MHC class I molecules expressed ubiquitously. Thus, PIR-A and PIR-B constitute a novel and physiologically important MHC class I recognition system.|Animals[MESH]|Antibody Formation/immunology[MESH]|B-Lymphocytes/immunology[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Gene Expression/genetics/immunology[MESH]|Genes, Dominant/genetics/immunology[MESH]|Genes, MHC Class I/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Ligands[MESH]|Macrophages/immunology[MESH]|Maternal-Fetal Exchange/genetics/immunology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Neutrophils/immunology[MESH]|Pregnancy[MESH]|Receptors, Immunologic/genetics/*immunology[MESH]|Signal Transduction/genetics/immunology[MESH] |