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lüll 14-3-3 proteins--an update Mhawech PCell Res 2005[Apr]; 15 (4): 228-3614-3-3 is a highly conserved acidic protein family, composed of seven isoforms in mammals. 14-3-3 protein can interact with over 200 target proteins by phosphoserine-dependent and phosphoserine-independent manners. Little is known about the consequences of these interactions, and thus are the subjects of ongoing studies. 14-3-3 controls cell cycle, cell growth, differentiation, survival, apoptosis, migration and spreading. Recent studies have revealed new mechanisms and new functions of 14-3-3, giving us more insights on this fascinating and complex family of proteins. Of all the seven isoforms, 14-3-3sigma seems to be directly involved in human cancer. 14-3-3sigma itself is subject to regulation by p53 upon DNA damage and by epigenetic deregulation. Gene silencing of 14-3-3sigma by CpG methylation has been found in many human cancer types. This suggests that therapy-targeting 14-3-3sigma may be beneficial for future cancer treatment.|*14-3-3 Proteins/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Cell Cycle/drug effects[MESH]|Cell Differentiation/drug effects[MESH]|Cell Proliferation/drug effects[MESH]|Cell Survival/drug effects[MESH]|CpG Islands/genetics[MESH]|Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology[MESH]|Exonucleases/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Exoribonucleases[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Isoenzymes[MESH]|Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Neoplasms/genetics[MESH]|Phosphoserine/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Binding[MESH] |