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lüll Exploring the functions of RNA interference pathway proteins: some functions are more RISCy than others?Jaronczyk K; Carmichael JB; Hobman TCBiochem J 2005[May]; 387 (Pt 3): 561-71PPD (PAZ Piwi domain) proteins and the Dicer family have been the subjects of intense study over the last 6 years. These proteins have well-established roles in RNAi (RNA interference), a process that relies on siRNAs (small interfering RNAs) or miRNAs (microRNAs) to mediate specificity. The development of techniques for applying RNAi as a laboratory tool and a molecular therapeutic technique has rapidly outpaced our understanding of the biology of this process. However, over the last 2 years, great strides have been made towards elucidating how PPD proteins and Dicer regulate gene-silencing at the pre- and post-transcriptional levels. In addition, evidence is beginning to emerge that suggests that these proteins have additional siRNA-independent roles as cell-cycle regulators. In the present review, we summarize the well-known roles of these two classes of proteins in gene-silencing pathways, as well as explore the evidence for novel roles of PPD and Dicer proteins.|Cell Cycle/physiology[MESH]|Multigene Family[MESH]|Protein Structure, Tertiary[MESH]|RNA Interference/*physiology[MESH]|RNA, Double-Stranded/chemistry[MESH]|RNA-Induced Silencing Complex/*chemistry/*physiology[MESH]|Ribonuclease III/chemistry[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH] |