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lüll Twenty years of calcium imaging: cell physiology to dye for Knot HJ; Laher I; Sobie EA; Guatimosim S; Gomez-Viquez L; Hartmann H; Song LS; Lederer WJ; Graier WF; Malli R; Frieden M; Petersen OHMol Interv 2005[Apr]; 5 (2): 112-27The use of fluorescent dyes over the past two decades has led to a revolution in our understanding of calcium signaling. Given the ubiquitous role of Ca(2+) in signal transduction at the most fundamental levels of molecular, cellular, and organismal biology, it has been challenging to understand how the specificity and versatility of Ca(2+) signaling is accomplished. In excitable cells, the coordination of changing Ca(2+) concentrations at global (cellular) and well-defined subcellular spaces through the course of membrane depolarization can now be conceptualized in the context of disease processes such as cardiac arrhythmogenesis. The spatial and temporal dimensions of Ca(2+) signaling are similarly important in non-excitable cells, such as endothelial and epithelial cells, to regulate multiple signaling pathways that participate in organ homeostasis as well as cellular organization and essential secretory processes.|Animals[MESH]|Calcium Signaling[MESH]|Calcium/*metabolism[MESH]|Cell Physiological Phenomena[MESH]|Endoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism[MESH]|Endothelial Cells/cytology[MESH]|Epithelial Cells/metabolism[MESH]|Fluorescent Dyes/*pharmacology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology[MESH]|Rats[MESH]|Sarcoplasmic Reticulum/metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH]|Time Factors[MESH] |