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lüll New therapies for rheumatoid arthritis Goldblatt F; Isenberg DAClin Exp Immunol 2005[May]; 140 (2): 195-204Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease, which continues to cause significant morbidity in affected persons. In the past few years, a number of new exciting therapeutic options have become available. These reflect the application of knowledge obtained from advancements in understanding of disease pathogenesis and underlying molecular mechanisms. A number of these therapies are outlined in the following review, including the various biological modifiers, in particular, anti-tumour necrosis factor-alpha agents and interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonists, which have been developed in recognition of the role of pro-inflammatory cytokines in RA. Also notable, is the current interest centring on the development and trials with B cell depletion therapies, specifically rituximab, in patients with RA. This demonstrates acknowledgment for a more significant role for B cells in the aetiology of RA, in contrast to the long held view that RA was a predominantly T cell mediated disease. To evaluate this therapeutic option for RA, salient features from recent rituximab trials have been collated. Finally, a selection of other therapeutic alternatives, including anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody and tacrolimus, and newer anti-rheumatic therapies presently in development are summarized.|Antirheumatic Agents/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Arthritis, Rheumatoid/*drug therapy/immunology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunologic Factors/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Receptors, Interleukin-1/antagonists & inhibitors[MESH]|Receptors, Interleukin-6/antagonists & inhibitors[MESH]|Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors[MESH] |