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lüll Regulation of nuclear transport: central role in development and transformation?Poon IK; Jans DATraffic 2005[Mar]; 6 (3): 173-86Transport of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus is generally effected by targeting signals that are recognized by specific members of the importin/exportin transport receptor family. The latter mediate passage through the nuclear envelope-embedded nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) by conferring interaction with NPC constituents, as well as with other components of the nuclear transport machinery, including the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Ran. Importantly, nuclear transport is regulated at multiple levels via a diverse range of mechanisms, such as the modulation of the accessibility and affinity of target signal recognition by importins/exportins, with phosphorylation/dephosphorylation as a major mechanism. Alteration of the level of the expression of components of the nuclear transport machinery also appears to be a key determinant of transport efficiency, having central importance in development, differentiation and transformation.|*Cell Transformation, Neoplastic[MESH]|Active Transport, Cell Nucleus/*physiology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Cell Nucleus/*metabolism[MESH]|Cytoplasm/metabolism[MESH]|Gametogenesis/physiology[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Karyopherins/*physiology[MESH]|Nuclear Envelope/physiology[MESH]|Nuclear Localization Signals/physiology[MESH]|Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/physiology[MESH]|Nuclear Pore/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Transport/physiology[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH] |