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Meta-analysis: the efficacy, adverse events, and adherence related to first-line anti-Helicobacter pylori quadruple therapies Fischbach LA; van Zanten S; Dickason JAliment Pharmacol Ther 2004[Nov]; 20 (10): 1071-82BACKGROUND: Owing to rising drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori infections, currently recommended proton-pump inhibitor-based triple therapies are losing their efficacy, and regimens efficacious in the presence of drug resistance are needed. AIMS: To summarize the efficacy, safety and adherence of first-line quadruple H. pylori therapies in adults. METHODS: Meta-regression models identified factors explaining variation in the efficacy of first-line quadruple therapies from 145 treatment arms. Estimates of average efficacy were calculated within homogeneous groups. RESULTS: Quadruple therapy containing a gastric acid inhibitor, bismuth, metronidazole and tetracycline was enhanced when omeprazole was included, treatment duration lasted 10-14 days, and when therapy took place in the Netherlands, Hong Kong and Australia. Treatment efficacy decreased as the prevalence of metronidazole resistance increased. Even in areas with a high prevalence of metronidazole resistance, this quadruple regimen eradicated more than 85% of H. pylori infections when it contained omeprazole and was given for 10-14 days. Furthermore, in the presence of clarithromycin resistance, this quadruple regimen eradicated 90-100% of H. pylori infections, while the currently recommended triple therapy containing clarithromycin, amoxicillin and a proton-pump inhibitor eradicated only 25-61% (P < 0.001). Adherence and adverse events for quadruple therapy were similar to currently recommended triple therapies. CONCLUSIONS: Guidelines should include quadruple therapy with a proton-pump inhibitor, a bismuth compound, metronidazole and tetracycline among recommended first-line anti-H. pylori therapies.|*Helicobacter pylori[MESH]|Antacids/therapeutic use[MESH]|Bismuth/therapeutic use[MESH]|Drug Resistance, Bacterial[MESH]|Drug Therapy, Combination/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Guideline Adherence[MESH]|Helicobacter Infections/*drug therapy[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Metronidazole/therapeutic use[MESH]|Practice Guidelines as Topic[MESH]|Tetracycline/therapeutic use[MESH]|Treatment Outcome[MESH] |
