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lüll Biology of recently discovered cytokines: interleukin-17--a unique inflammatory cytokine with roles in bone biology and arthritis Gaffen SLArthritis Res Ther 2004[]; 6 (6): 240-7IL-17 and its receptor are founding members of an emerging family of cytokines and receptors with many unique characteristics. IL-17 is produced primarily by T cells, particularly those of the memory compartment. In contrast, IL-17 receptor is ubiquitously expressed, making nearly all cells potential targets of IL-17. Although it has only limited homology to other cytokines, IL-17 exhibits proinflammatory properties similar to those of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, particularly with respect to induction of other inflammatory effectors. In addition, IL-17 synergizes potently with other cytokines, placing it in the center of the inflammatory network. Strikingly, IL-17 has been associated with several bone pathologies, most notably rheumatoid arthritis.|Animals[MESH]|Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism/physiopathology[MESH]|Bone Diseases/metabolism/physiopathology[MESH]|Bone Remodeling/physiology[MESH]|Cytokines/biosynthesis/genetics[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation[MESH]|Homeostasis[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunity, Innate/physiology[MESH]|Inflammation Mediators/metabolism[MESH]|Inflammation/*metabolism/physiopathology[MESH]|Interleukin-17/chemistry/*physiology[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Mice, Knockout[MESH]|Multigene Family[MESH]|Osteoarthritis/metabolism/physiopathology[MESH]|Receptors, Interleukin-17[MESH]|Receptors, Interleukin/chemistry/*physiology[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH]|Vertebrates/physiology[MESH] |