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Neural crest cell plasticity and its limits Le Douarin NM; Creuzet S; Couly G; Dupin EDevelopment 2004[Oct]; 131 (19): 4637-50The neural crest (NC) yields pluripotent cells endowed with migratory properties. They give rise to neurons, glia, melanocytes and endocrine cells, and to diverse 'mesenchymal' derivatives. Experiments in avian embryos have revealed that the differentiation of the NC 'neural' precursors is strongly influenced by environmental cues. The reversibility of differentiated cells (such as melanocytes or glia) to a pluripotent precursor state can even be induced in vitro by a cytokine, endothelin 3. The fate of 'mesenchymal' NC precursors is strongly restricted by Hox gene expression. In this context, however, facial skeleton morphogenesis is under the control of a multistep crosstalk between the epithelia (endoderm and ectoderm) and NC cells.|Animals[MESH]|Body Patterning[MESH]|Cell Differentiation[MESH]|Chick Embryo[MESH]|Cytokines/physiology[MESH]|Enteric Nervous System/cytology/embryology[MESH]|Facial Bones/embryology[MESH]|Fibroblast Growth Factor 8[MESH]|Fibroblast Growth Factors/physiology[MESH]|Genes, Homeobox[MESH]|In Vitro Techniques[MESH]|Neural Crest/*cytology/embryology[MESH]|Neuronal Plasticity[MESH]|Neurons/cytology[MESH]|Peripheral Nerves/cytology/embryology[MESH]|Pluripotent Stem Cells/cytology[MESH]|Quail[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH] |
