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lüll The need to redefine non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in childhood Eastham KM; Fall AJ; Mitchell L; Spencer DAThorax 2004[Apr]; 59 (4): 324-7BACKGROUND: Non-cystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis has previously been reported to be rare and progressive in children living in western societies. METHOD: A clinical and radiological review was undertaken of 93 children with non-CF bronchiectasis defined by high resolution computed tomographic (HRCT) scanning presenting to a tertiary paediatric respiratory centre since 1996. RESULTS: Cases constituted 9.6% of all new referrals. Male to female ratio was 2:1. Median age at symptom onset was 1.1 years (range 0-16) and of HRCT diagnosis was 7.2 years (1.6-18.8). The most common referral diagnosis of asthma was refuted in 39 of 45 cases. Associations were previous pneumonic illness (30%), immunocompromise (21%), obliterative bronchiolitis (9%), congenital lung abnormality (5%), chronic aspiration (3%), eosinophilic oesophagitis (2%), familial syndrome (2%), primary ciliary dyskinesia (1%), and right middle lobe syndrome (1%). 8% had two associated diagnoses and 18% were idiopathic. There was agreement between the chest radiograph and HRCT scan for diagnosis and lobe affected in only five cases (5%). A repeat HRCT scan in 18 cases at a minimum interval of 18 months showed total resolution of the changes in six, improvement in one, progression in five, and was unchanged in six. CONCLUSIONS: Radiologically defined non-CF bronchiectasis in children is not uncommon. Diagnostic delay is a problem. The most common association is a previous pneumonia. Chest radiography is of little diagnostic value, but resolution is possible on HRCT scanning. Bronchiectasis is currently defined as a condition which is both permanent and progressive. This term is not necessarily appropriate for all paediatric patients for whom we suggest an alternative nomenclature.|*Cystic Fibrosis[MESH]|Adolescent[MESH]|Asthma/complications[MESH]|Bronchiectasis/complications/*diagnostic imaging[MESH]|Child[MESH]|Child, Preschool[MESH]|Cohort Studies[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/complications[MESH]|Infant[MESH]|Lung Diseases/complications[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Referral and Consultation[MESH]|Respiratory Tract Infections/complications[MESH]|Retrospective Studies[MESH]|Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods[MESH] |