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lüll Signalling to actin assembly via the WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein)-family proteins and the Arp2/3 complex Millard TH; Sharp SJ; Machesky LMBiochem J 2004[May]; 380 (Pt 1): 1-17The assembly of a branched network of actin filaments provides the mechanical propulsion that drives a range of dynamic cellular processes, including cell motility. The Arp2/3 complex is a crucial component of such filament networks. Arp2/3 nucleates new actin filaments while bound to existing filaments, thus creating a branched network. In recent years, a number of proteins that activate the filament nucleation activity of Arp2/3 have been identified, most notably the WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) family. WASP-family proteins activate the Arp2/3 complex, and consequently stimulate actin assembly, in response to extracellular signals. Structural studies have provided a significant refinement in our understanding of the molecular detail of how the Arp2/3 complex nucleates actin filaments. There has also been much progress towards an understanding of the complicated signalling processes that regulate WASP-family proteins. In addition, the use of gene disruption in a number of organisms has led to new insights into the specific functions of individual WASP-family members. The present review will discuss the Arp2/3 complex and its regulators, in particular the WASP-family proteins. Emphasis will be placed on recent developments in the field that have furthered our understanding of actin dynamics and cell motility.|Actin Cytoskeleton/*metabolism/ultrastructure[MESH]|Actin-Related Protein 2[MESH]|Actin-Related Protein 3[MESH]|Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Cytoskeletal Proteins/*metabolism/ultrastructure[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Macromolecular Substances[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Mice, Knockout[MESH]|Microscopy, Electron[MESH]|Models, Molecular[MESH]|Morphogenesis[MESH]|Plant Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Conformation[MESH]|Protein Structure, Tertiary[MESH]|Proteins/*metabolism[MESH]|Protozoan Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein[MESH] |