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lüll IL-2, regulatory T cells, and tolerance Nelson BHJ Immunol 2004[Apr]; 172 (7): 3983-8IL-2 is a potent T cell growth factor that for many years was assumed to amplify lymphocyte responses in vivo. Accordingly, IL-2 has been used clinically to enhance T cell immunity in patients with AIDS or cancer, and blocking Abs to the IL-2R are used to inhibit T cell responses against transplanted tissues. It was later shown in mice that, unexpectedly, disruption of the IL-2 pathway results in lymphoid hyperplasia and autoimmunity rather than immune deficiency, indicating that the major physiological function of IL-2 is to limit rather than enhance T cell responses. This apparent paradox has recently been resolved with the discovery that IL-2 is critical for the development and peripheral expansion of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, which promote self-tolerance by suppressing T cell responses in vivo. Our new understanding of IL-2 biology prompts a re-evaluation of how best to clinically manipulate this important immunoregulatory pathway.|Animals[MESH]|CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology/*metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Interleukin-2/*physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism[MESH]|Self Tolerance/*immunology[MESH]|Signal Transduction/*immunology[MESH]|T-Lymphocyte Subsets/*immunology/*metabolism[MESH] |