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lüll Signaling in leukocyte transendothelial migration van Buul JD; Hordijk PLArterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004[May]; 24 (5): 824-33Under a variety of (patho) physiological conditions, leukocytes will leave the bloodstream by crossing the endothelial monolayer that lines the vessels and migrate into the underlying tissues. It is now clear that the process of extravasation involves a range of adhesion molecules on both leukocytes and endothelial cells, as well as extensive intracellular signaling that drives adhesion and chemotaxis on the one hand and controls a transient modulation of endothelial integrity on the other. We review here the current knowledge of the intracellular signaling pathways that are activated in the context of transendothelial migration in leukocytes and in endothelial cells. In leukocytes, polarization of receptors and of the signaling machinery is of key importance to drive adhesion and directional migration. Subsequent adhesion-induced signaling in endothelial cells, mediated by Rho-like GTPases and reactive oxygen species, induces a transient and focal loss of endothelial cell-cell adhesion to allow transmigration of the leukocyte. This review underscores the notion that we have likely just scratched the surface in revealing the complexity of the signaling that controls leukocyte transendothelial migration.|Animals[MESH]|Calcium Signaling/physiology[MESH]|Cell Adhesion Molecules/physiology[MESH]|Cell Adhesion/drug effects/physiology[MESH]|Chemokines/physiology[MESH]|Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects/*physiology[MESH]|Endothelial Cells/*cytology/metabolism[MESH]|GTP Phosphohydrolases/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Leukocytes/*cytology/drug effects/metabolism[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Phosphorylation[MESH]|Protein Kinases/physiology[MESH]|Protein Processing, Post-Translational[MESH]|Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism[MESH]|Receptors, Chemokine/physiology[MESH]|Signal Transduction/drug effects/*physiology[MESH] |