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lüll Bcl-2 on the endoplasmic reticulum: protecting the mitochondria from a distance Thomenius MJ; Distelhorst CWJ Cell Sci 2003[Nov]; 116 (Pt 22): 4493-9Bcl-2 has been described both as an inhibitor of programmed cell death and as an inhibitor of mitochondrial dysfunction during apoptosis. It is still not clear what biochemical activity of Bcl-2 is responsible for its function, but increasing evidence indicates that a functional activity of Bcl-2 on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protects mitochondria under diverse circumstances. Indeed, an emerging hypothesis is that, during apoptosis, the Bcl-2 family regulates ER-to-mitochondrion communication by BH3-only proteins and calcium ions and thereby triggers mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death.|Animals[MESH]|Apoptosis/*physiology[MESH]|Caspases/metabolism[MESH]|Cells, Cultured[MESH]|Cytochromes c/metabolism[MESH]|Endoplasmic Reticulum/*metabolism[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Mitochondria/*metabolism[MESH]|Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/*metabolism[MESH]|bcl-X Protein[MESH] |