Warning: Undefined variable $zfal in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Deprecated: str_replace(): Passing null to parameter #3 ($subject) of type array|string is deprecated in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 525
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 530
Warning: Undefined variable $sterm in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 531
Warning: file_get_contents(http://eutils.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&id=14557511&cmd=llinks): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
in C:\Inetpub\vhosts\kidney.de\httpdocs\mlpefetch.php on line 445
English Wikipedia
Nephropedia Template TP (
Twit Text
DeepDyve Pubget Overpricing |
lüll Cardiovascular shunts: MR imaging evaluation Wang ZJ; Reddy GP; Gotway MB; Yeh BM; Higgins CBRadiographics 2003[Oct]; 23 Spec No (ä): S181-94Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has become an important tool for the accurate and noninvasive assessment of congenital heart disease. Because more precise delineation of anatomy and evaluation of function can be obtained with MR imaging than with either echocardiography or angiography, MR imaging is frequently used to evaluate cardiovascular shunt lesions. It is essential that imaging specialists be able to recognize the MR imaging features of various kinds of shunts, including supracristal ventricular septal defect, atrioventricular septal defect, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. MR imaging is particularly useful for evaluating shunt severity, which can be expressed quantitatively as the ratio of pulmonary flow to systemic flow. This ratio can be estimated accurately with the use of either volumetric cine MR imaging or velocity-encoded cine MR imaging.|Adult[MESH]|Blood Flow Velocity[MESH]|Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/diagnosis[MESH]|Female[MESH]|Heart Defects, Congenital/*diagnosis/physiopathology[MESH]|Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/diagnosis[MESH]|Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular/diagnosis[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Infant[MESH]|Magnetic Resonance Angiography/methods[MESH]|Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine[MESH]|Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods[MESH]|Male[MESH]|Middle Aged[MESH]|Pulmonary Veins/abnormalities[MESH] |