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lüll Replication origins: why do we need so many?Bielinsky AKCell Cycle 2003[Jul]; 2 (4): 307-9During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, replication origins are prepared to fire, a process that is referred to as origin licensing. It was often pondered what a cell's fate would be if not all of its replication origins were licensed and subsequently activated during S phase. One obvious prediction was that S phase would simply be prolonged. As it turns out, however, the consequences are much more complex. A short G1 phase enforced by premature entry into S phase, or other events that negatively affect origin licensing, will ultimately compromise the cell's ability to complete DNA replication before entering mitosis. As a result, the cell becomes genomically unstable when it attempts to repair unreplicated DNA during anaphase. Thus, the density of active replication origins in the chromosomes of eukaryotic cells determines S phase dynamics and chromosome stability during mitosis.|Animals[MESH]|Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Proteins[MESH]|Cell Cycle Proteins[MESH]|Cells, Cultured[MESH]|Chromosome Aberrations[MESH]|DNA Replication/*physiology[MESH]|DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism[MESH]|G1 Phase/physiology[MESH]|Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins[MESH]|Mice[MESH]|Mitosis/physiology[MESH]|Myoblasts/metabolism[MESH]|Origin Recognition Complex[MESH]|Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism[MESH]|Replication Origin/*physiology[MESH]|S Phase/physiology[MESH]|Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Schizosaccharomyces/genetics/metabolism[MESH]|Tumor Suppressor Proteins[MESH] |