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Diagnosis, antiretroviral therapy, and emergence of resistance to antiretroviral agents in HIV-2 infection: a review Hightower M; Kallas EGBraz J Infect Dis 2003[Feb]; 7 (1): 7-15Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2) are the causative agents of AIDS. HIV-2 is prevalent at moderate to high rates in West African countries, such as Senegal, Guinea, Gambia, and Cape Verde. Diagnosis of HIV-2 is made with a positive HIV-1/HIV-2 ELISA or simple/rapid assay, followed by one or two confirmatory tests specific for HIV-2. Following CD(4)(+)T cell counts, HIV-2 viral burden and clinical signs and symptoms of immunodeficiency are beneficial in monitoring HIV-2 disease progression. Although non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are ineffective in treating HIV-2, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors can be effective in dual and triple antiretroviral regimens. Their use can decrease HIV-2 viral load, increase CD(4)(+)T cell counts and improve AIDS-related symptoms. HIV-2 resistance to various nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors, including zidovudine, lamivudine, ritonivir and indinavir, has been identified in some HIV-2 infected patients on antiretroviral therapy. The knowledge of HIV-2 peculiarities, when compared to HIV-1, is crucial to helping diagnose and guide the clinician in the choice of the initial antiretroviral regimen and for monitoring therapy success.|*Drug Resistance, Viral[MESH]|Anti-HIV Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Drug Therapy, Combination[MESH]|HIV Infections/diagnosis/*drug therapy[MESH]|HIV-2/*drug effects[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Mutation[MESH]|Nucleosides/pharmacology/*therapeutic use[MESH]|Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use[MESH]|Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors/pharmacology/*therapeutic use[MESH] |
