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lüll Newly recognized components of the renin-angiotensin system: potential roles in cardiovascular and renal regulation Carey RM; Siragy HMEndocr Rev 2003[Jun]; 24 (3): 261-71The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a coordinated hormonal cascade in the control of cardiovascular, renal, and adrenal function that governs body fluid and electrolyte balance, as well as arterial pressure. The classical RAS consists of a circulating endocrine system in which the principal effector hormone is angiotensin (ANG) II. ANG is produced by the action of renin on angiotensinogen to form ANG I and its subsequent conversion to the biologically active octapeptide by ANG-converting enzyme. ANG II actions are mediated via the ANG type 1 receptor. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the components and actions of the RAS, including local tissue RASs, a renin receptor, ANG-converting enzyme-2, ANG (1-7), the function of the ANG type 2 receptor, and ANG receptor heterodimerization. The role of the RAS in the regulation of cardiovascular and renal function is reviewed and discussed in light of these newly recognized components.|*Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena[MESH]|Angiotensin I/physiology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Dimerization[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Isoenzymes/physiology[MESH]|Kidney/*physiology[MESH]|Peptide Fragments/physiology[MESH]|Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/physiology[MESH]|Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 2/physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Angiotensin/chemistry[MESH]|Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology[MESH]|Renin-Angiotensin System/*physiology[MESH]|Renin/metabolism[MESH] |