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Polycomb, epigenomes, and control of cell identity Orlando VCell 2003[Mar]; 112 (5): 599-606In development, cell identity is maintained by epigenetic functions that prevent changes in cell type-specific transcription programs. Recent insights into gene silencing mechanisms by Polycomb group (PcG) and trithorax group (trxG) proteins reveal that the memory system involves a concerted process of chromatin modification, blocking of RNA polymerase II, and synthesis of noncoding RNA. Remarkably, cell memory is regulated by a balance between repressors and activators that maintains both transcription status and at the same time the possibility of switching to a different state.|*Drosophila Proteins[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Cell Differentiation/genetics[MESH]|Cell Lineage/*genetics[MESH]|Cell Nucleus/*genetics/metabolism/ultrastructure[MESH]|DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics[MESH]|Eukaryotic Cells/cytology/*metabolism[MESH]|Gene Silencing/*physiology[MESH]|Genomic Imprinting/*genetics[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Polycomb-Group Proteins[MESH]|Repressor Proteins/genetics[MESH]|Transcription Factors/*genetics[MESH] |