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lüll Cellular motility driven by assembly and disassembly of actin filaments Pollard TD; Borisy GGCell 2003[Feb]; 112 (4): 453-65Motile cells extend a leading edge by assembling a branched network of actin filaments that produces physical force as the polymers grow beneath the plasma membrane. A core set of proteins including actin, Arp2/3 complex, profilin, capping protein, and ADF/cofilin can reconstitute the process in vitro, and mathematical models of the constituent reactions predict the rate of motion. Signaling pathways converging on WASp/Scar proteins regulate the activity of Arp2/3 complex, which mediates the initiation of new filaments as branches on preexisting filaments. After a brief spurt of growth, capping protein terminates the elongation of the filaments. After filaments have aged by hydrolysis of their bound ATP and dissociation of the gamma phosphate, ADF/cofilin proteins promote debranching and depolymerization. Profilin catalyzes the exchange of ADP for ATP, refilling the pool of ATP-actin monomers bound to profilin, ready for elongation.|*Cell Movement[MESH]|*Signal Transduction[MESH]|Actin Depolymerizing Factors[MESH]|Actins/chemistry/metabolism/*physiology[MESH]|Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism[MESH]|Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Cattle[MESH]|Cell Division[MESH]|Cell Membrane/metabolism[MESH]|Cell Nucleus/metabolism[MESH]|Crystallography, X-Ray[MESH]|Dendrites/metabolism[MESH]|Keratinocytes/ultrastructure[MESH]|Microfilament Proteins/metabolism[MESH]|Models, Biological[MESH]|Models, Molecular[MESH]|Phosphates/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Structure, Secondary[MESH]|Protein Structure, Tertiary[MESH] |