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lüll Interleukin-18 Gracie JA; Robertson SE; McInnes IBJ Leukoc Biol 2003[Feb]; 73 (2): 213-24Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a recently described member of the IL-1 cytokine superfamily, is now recognized as an important regulator of innate and acquired immune responses. IL-18 is expressed at sites of chronic inflammation, in autoimmune diseases, in a variety of cancers, and in the context of numerous infectious diseases. This short review will describe the basic biology of IL-18 and thereafter address its potential effector and regulatory role in several human disease states including autoimmunity and infection. IL-18, previously known as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-inducing factor, was identified as an endotoxin-induced serum factor that stimulated IFN-gamma production by murine splenocytes [(1) ]. IL-18 was cloned from a murine liver cell cDNA library generated from animals primed with heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes and subsequently challenged with lipopolysaccharide [(2) ]. Nucleotide sequencing of murine IL-18 predicted a precursor polypeptide of 192 amino acids lacking a conventional signal peptide and a mature protein of 157 amino acids. Subsequent cloning of human IL-18 cDNA revealed 65% homology with murine IL-18 [(3) ] and showed that both contain an unusual leader sequence consisting of 35 amino acids at their N terminus.|Animals[MESH]|Autoimmune Diseases/immunology[MESH]|Gene Expression Regulation[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Infections/immunology[MESH]|Inflammation/immunology[MESH]|Interleukin-18 Receptor alpha Subunit[MESH]|Interleukin-18/antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Interleukin-18[MESH]|Receptors, Interleukin/physiology[MESH] |