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lüll Morphological studies of the endomorphinergic neurons in the central nervous system Wang QP; Zadina JE; Guan JL; Shioda SJpn J Pharmacol 2002[Jul]; 89 (3): 209-15Endomorphins (EMs) are newly found endogenous opioid peptides. Both endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and -2 (EM-2) are composed of four amino acids. Their high affinity and specificity for mu-opioid receptors have been confirmed by many physiological and pharmacological studies. In the present minireview, we discuss the distribution and localization of these peptides. While EM-2 is more prevalent in the spinal cord and lower brainstem, EM-1 is more widely and densely distributed throughout the brain than EM-2. We also discuss the possible coexistence of EM with other neurotransmitters. Finally, we introduce some new results regarding the ultrastructure and synaptic relationships of EM-2 obtained by the immunoelectron microscopic method.|Animals[MESH]|Central Nervous System/chemistry/cytology/*ultrastructure[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Neurons/chemistry/cytology/*ultrastructure[MESH]|Oligopeptides/*analysis[MESH]|Synapses/chemistry/ultrastructure[MESH] |