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Chaperoning signaling pathways: molecular chaperones as stress-sensing heat shock proteins Nollen EA; Morimoto RIJ Cell Sci 2002[Jul]; 115 (Pt 14): 2809-16Heat shock proteins interact with multiple key components of signaling pathways that regulate growth and development. The molecular relationships between heat shock proteins, various signaling proteins and partner proteins appear to be critical for the normal function of signal transduction pathways. The relative levels of these proteins may be important, as too little or too much Hsp70 or Hsp90 can result in aberrant growth control, developmental malformations and cell death. Although the functions of heat shock proteins as molecular chaperones have been well characterized, their complementary role as a 'stress-induced' proteins to monitor changes and alter the biochemical environment of the cell remains elusive. Genetic and molecular interactions between heat shock proteins, their co-chaperones and components of signaling pathways suggest that crosstalk between these proteins can regulate proliferation and development by preventing or enhancing cell growth and cell death as the levels of heat shock proteins vary in response to environmental stress or disease.|*Protein Folding[MESH]|Cell Differentiation/physiology[MESH]|Cell Division/physiology[MESH]|Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Molecular Chaperones/genetics/*metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction/*physiology[MESH] |