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lüll D-chiro-inositol--its functional role in insulin action and its deficit in insulin resistance Larner JInt J Exp Diabetes Res 2002[]; 3 (1): 47-60In this review we discuss the biological significance of D-chiro-inositol, originally discovered as a component of a putative mediator of intracellular insulin action, where as a putative mediator, it accelerates the dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase and pyruvate dehydrogenase, rate limiting enzymes of non-oxidative and oxidative glucose disposal. Early studies demonstrated a linear relationship between its decreased urinary excretion and the degree of insulin resistance present. When tissue contents, including muscle, of type 2 diabetic subjects were assayed, they demonstrated a more general body deficiency. Administration of D-chiro-inositol to diabetic rats, Rhesus monkeys and now to humans accelerated glucose disposal and sensitized insulin action. A defect in vivo in the epimerization of myo-inositol to chiro-inositol in insulin sensitive tissues of the GK type 2 diabetic rat has been elucidated. Thus, administered D-chiro-inositol may act to bypass a defective normal epimerization of myo-inositol to D-chiro-inositol associated with insulin resistance and act to at least partially restore insulin sensitivity and glucose disposal.|Animals[MESH]|Blood Glucose/*physiology[MESH]|Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*physiopathology[MESH]|Glycogen Synthase/metabolism[MESH]|Inositol/chemistry/*deficiency/*physiology[MESH]|Insulin Resistance/*physiology[MESH]|Insulin/*physiology[MESH]|Kinetics[MESH]|Macaca mulatta[MESH]|Obesity/physiopathology[MESH]|Rats[MESH]|Stereoisomerism[MESH] |