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English Wikipedia
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The evolution of human influenza viruses Hay AJ; Gregory V; Douglas AR; Lin YPPhilos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2001[Dec]; 356 (1416): 1861-70The evolution of influenza viruses results in (i) recurrent annual epidemics of disease that are caused by progressive antigenic drift of influenza A and B viruses due to the mutability of the RNA genome and (ii) infrequent but severe pandemics caused by the emergence of novel influenza A subtypes to which the population has little immunity. The latter characteristic is a consequence of the wide antigenic diversity and peculiar host range of influenza A viruses and the ability of their segmented RNA genomes to undergo frequent genetic reassortment (recombination) during mixed infections. Contrasting features of the evolution of recently circulating influenza AH1N1, AH3N2 and B viruses include the rapid drift of AH3N2 viruses as a single lineage, the slow replacement of successive antigenic variants of AH1N1 viruses and the co-circulation over some 25 years of antigenically and genetically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses. Constant monitoring of changes in the circulating viruses is important for maintaining the efficacy of influenza vaccines in combating disease.|*Biological Evolution[MESH]|*Phylogeny[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Influenza A virus/*physiology[MESH]|Influenza B virus/*physiology[MESH]|Recombination, Genetic[MESH] |
