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lüll Phosphoinositide 3-kinase signalling pathways Cantrell DAJ Cell Sci 2001[Apr]; 114 (Pt 8): 1439-45Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) phosphorylate the 3'-OH position of the inositol ring of inositol phospholipids, producing three lipid products: PtdIns(3)P, PtdIns(3,4)P(2) and PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3). These lipids bind to the pleckstrin homology (PH) domains of proteins and control the activity and subcellular localisation of a diverse array of signal transduction molecules. Three major classes of signalling molecule are regulated by binding of D-3 phosphoinositides to PH domains: guanine-nucleotide-exchange proteins for Rho family GTPases, the TEC family tyrosine kinases such as BTK and ITK in B and T lymphocytes, respectively, and the AGC superfamily of serine/threonine protein kinases. These molecules are activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli and have been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including cell cycle progression, cell growth, cell motility, cell adhesion and cell survival.|Animals[MESH]|Carrier Proteins/chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|Enzyme Activation[MESH]|Feedback/physiology[MESH]|GTP-Binding Proteins/*metabolism[MESH]|Guanine Nucleotides/chemistry[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/chemistry/*metabolism[MESH]|Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism[MESH]|Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism[MESH]|Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction/*physiology[MESH] |