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 Phagocytosis and the actin cytoskeleton May RC; Machesky LMJ Cell Sci  2001[Mar]; 114 (Pt 6): 1061-77The process of engulfing a foreign particle - phagocytosis - is of fundamental  importance for a wide diversity of organisms. From simple unicellular organisms  that use phagocytosis to obtain their next meal, to complex metazoans in which  phagocytic cells represent an essential branch of the immune system, evolution  has armed cells with a fantastic repertoire of molecules that serve to bring  about this complex event. Regardless of the organism or specific molecules  concerned, however, all phagocytic processes are driven by a finely controlled  rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton. A variety of signals can converge to  locally reorganise the actin cytoskeleton at a phagosome, and there are  significant similarities and differences between different organisms and between  different engulfment processes within the same organism. Recent advances have  demonstrated the complexity of phagocytic signalling, such as the involvement of  phosphoinostide lipids and multicomponent signalling complexes in transducing  signals from phagocytic receptors to the cytoskeleton. Similarly, a wide  diversity of 'effector molecules' are now implicated in actin-remodelling  downstream of these receptors.|Actins/*metabolism/physiology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Cytoskeleton/*metabolism/physiology[MESH]|Focal Adhesions/physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Phagocytosis/*physiology[MESH]|Phagosomes/physiology[MESH]|Receptors, Complement/metabolism[MESH]|Receptors, IgG/metabolism[MESH]|Signal Transduction/*physiology[MESH]
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