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Potassium channels: molecular defects, diseases, and therapeutic opportunities Shieh CC; Coghlan M; Sullivan JP; Gopalakrishnan MPharmacol Rev 2000[Dec]; 52 (4): 557-94Potassium channels play important roles in vital cellular signaling processes in both excitable and nonexcitable cells. Over 50 human genes encoding various K(+) channels have been cloned during the past decade, and precise biophysical properties, subunit stoichiometry, channel assembly, and modulation by second messenger and ligands have been elucidated to a large extent. Recent advances in genetic linkage analysis have greatly facilitated the identification of many disease-producing loci, and naturally occurring mutations in various K(+) channels have been identified in diseases such as long-QT syndromes, episodic ataxia/myokymia, familial convulsions, hearing and vestibular diseases, Bartter's syndrome, and familial persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy. In addition, changes in K(+) channel function have been associated with cardiac hypertrophy and failure, apoptosis and oncogenesis, and various neurodegenerative and neuromuscular disorders. This review aims to 1) provide an understanding of K(+) channel function at the molecular level in the context of disease processes and 2) discuss the progress, hurdles, challenges, and opportunities in the exploitation of K(+) channels as therapeutic targets by pharmacological and emerging genetic approaches.|Alzheimer Disease/etiology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Apoptosis[MESH]|Hearing Disorders/etiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Kidney Diseases/etiology[MESH]|Long QT Syndrome/etiology[MESH]|Potassium Channels/drug effects/genetics/*physiology[MESH] |
