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lüll Importance of zinc in the central nervous system: the zinc-containing neuron Frederickson CJ; Suh SW; Silva D; Frederickson CJ; Thompson RBJ Nutr 2000[May]; 130 (5S Suppl): 1471S-83SZinc is essential to the structure and function of myriad proteins, including regulatory, structural and enzymatic. It is estimated that up to 1% of the human genome codes for zinc finger proteins. In the central nervous system, zinc has an additional role as a neurosecretory product or cofactor. In this role, zinc is highly concentrated in the synaptic vesicles of a specific contingent of neurons, called "zinc-containing" neurons. Zinc-containing neurons are a subset of glutamatergic neurons. The zinc in the vesicles probably exceeds 1 mmol/L in concentration and is only weakly coordinated with any endogenous ligand. Zinc-containing neurons are found almost exclusively in the forebrain, where in mammals they have evolved into a complex and elaborate associational network that interconnects most of the cerebral cortices and limbic structures. Indeed, one of the intriguing aspects of these neurons is that they compose somewhat of a chemospecific "private line" of the mammalian cerebral cortex. The present review outlines (1) the methods used to discover, define and describe zinc-containing neurons; (2) the neuroarchitecture and synaptology of zinc-containing neural circuits; (3) the physiology of regulated vesicular zinc release; (4) the "life cycle" and molecular biology of vesicular zinc; (5) the importance of synaptically released zinc in the normal and pathological processes of the cerebral cortex; and (6) the role of specific and nonspecific stressors in the release of zinc.|*Cation Transport Proteins[MESH]|Alzheimer Disease/pathology[MESH]|Animals[MESH]|Brain/anatomy & histology/*metabolism/pathology[MESH]|Carrier Proteins/physiology[MESH]|Central Nervous System/*physiology[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Membrane Proteins/physiology[MESH]|Molecular Biology[MESH]|Neurons/*physiology[MESH]|Synaptic Vesicles/metabolism/physiology[MESH]|Zinc/*physiology[MESH] |