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The structure, biosynthesis and functions of glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchors, and the contributions of trypanosome research Ferguson MAJ Cell Sci 1999[Sep]; 112 ( Pt 17) (ä): 2799-809The discovery of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) membrane anchors has had a significant impact on several areas of eukaryote cell biology. Studies of the African trypanosome, which expresses a dense surface coat of GPI-anchored variant surface glycoprotein, have played important roles in establishing the general structure of GPI membrane anchors and in delineating the pathway of GPI biosynthesis. The major cell-surface molecules of related parasites are also rich in GPI-anchored glycoproteins and/or GPI-related glycophospholipids, and differences in substrate specificity between enzymes of trypanosomal and mammalian GPI biosynthesis may have potential for the development of anti-parasite therapies. Apart from providing stable membrane anchorage, GPI anchors have been implicated in the sequestration of GPI-anchored proteins into specialised membrane microdomains, known as lipid rafts, and in signal transduction events.|Animals[MESH]|Dimerization[MESH]|Evolution, Molecular[MESH]|Glycosylation[MESH]|Glycosylphosphatidylinositols/biosynthesis/chemistry/*physiology[MESH]|HeLa Cells[MESH]|Humans[MESH]|Leishmania/enzymology/pathogenicity/physiology[MESH]|Mammals/parasitology[MESH]|Mannose/metabolism[MESH]|Membrane Lipids/physiology[MESH]|Membrane Proteins/physiology[MESH]|Models, Molecular[MESH]|Protein Processing, Post-Translational[MESH]|Protozoan Proteins/biosynthesis/chemistry/*physiology[MESH]|Signal Transduction[MESH]|Structure-Activity Relationship[MESH]|Trypanosoma brucei brucei/enzymology/pathogenicity/*physiology[MESH]|Trypanosoma cruzi/enzymology/pathogenicity/physiology[MESH]|Variant Surface Glycoproteins, Trypanosoma/biosynthesis/chemistry/genetics/*physiology[MESH]|Virulence[MESH] |
